[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/jak-pracuje-tepelna-elektrarna\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/jak-pracuje-tepelna-elektrarna\/","headline":"Jak pracuje tepeln\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna?","name":"Jak pracuje tepeln\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna?","description":"Princip tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na tzv. dvojit\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b. Nejprve doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0tvorb\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie z\u00a0tepeln\u00e9ho zdroje...","datePublished":"2025-03-04","dateModified":"2023-05-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c4e504508c75b610a351629e223ddd0c5b7858df84b2b7deedc4e007bdf99fc8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c4e504508c75b610a351629e223ddd0c5b7858df84b2b7deedc4e007bdf99fc8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"klipo.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a308373_w1988_t1519467740.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a308373_w1988_t1519467740.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/jak-pracuje-tepelna-elektrarna\/","wordCount":513,"articleBody":"Princip tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na tzv. dvojit\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b. Nejprve doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0tvorb\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie z\u00a0tepeln\u00e9ho zdroje a teprve pak se mechanick\u00e1 energie transformuje na energii elektrickou. Vypad\u00e1 to sice slo\u017eit\u011b, ale ve skute\u010dnosti jde o snadno pochopitelnou z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Nejprve se v\u00a0obrovsk\u00e9m kotli oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 voda. Pod kotlem se top\u00ed hn\u011bd\u00fdm uhl\u00edm a z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu byly tak\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny jedn\u00edm z\u00a0prvn\u00edch velk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny za socialismu. Hn\u011bdouheln\u00e9 p\u00e1nve na Mostecku tehdy poskytly velk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby hn\u011bd\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed a dnes se dokonce uva\u017euje o prolomen\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch limit\u016f a pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017eb\u011b.\tV\u00a0tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch jsou instalov\u00e1ny parn\u00ed turb\u00ednyOh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e1 voda v\u00a0kotli proud\u00ed trubkami, kde se m\u011bn\u00ed na vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru. Ta trysk\u00e1 na lopatkov\u00e9 kolo rotoru parn\u00ed turb\u00edny a t\u00edm ji rozt\u00e1\u010d\u00ed. Nutno podotknout, \u017ee tlak vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry nen\u00ed takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd zn\u00e1te p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0papi\u0148\u00e1ku, zde se jedn\u00e1 o hodnotu a\u017e 200 kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Tlak vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry m\u00e1 pot\u0159ebnou s\u00edlu rozto\u010dit turb\u00ednu ob\u0159\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f, aby se ot\u00e1\u010dela pat\u0159i\u010dnou rychlost\u00ed. Pohyb rotoru turb\u00edny pak ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed gener\u00e1tor, se kter\u00fdm je turb\u00edna propojena.Pohyb gener\u00e1toru uskute\u010d\u0148uje z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou f\u00e1zi p\u0159em\u011bny mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou, jde o obrovsk\u00fd magnet, kter\u00fd rotuje ve statoru. Rotac\u00ed magnetu ve statoru, tedy v\u00a0c\u00edvce (navinut\u00e9m dr\u00e1tu) doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke vzniku magnetick\u00e9 indukce a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem k\u00a0elektrick\u00e9mu proudu.\tParn\u00ed turb\u00edny se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v\u00a0plze\u0148sk\u00e9 \u0160kodovceRota\u010dn\u00ed pohyb je \u00factyhodn\u00fd, gener\u00e1tor se mus\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010det rychlost\u00ed 3 tis\u00edce ot\u00e1\u010dek za minutu. Vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra se rovn\u011b\u017e nikam neztr\u00e1c\u00ed, pot\u00e9, co vykon\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci rozt\u00e1\u010den\u00edm turb\u00edny, se ochlazuje v\u00a0tzv. kondenza\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, m\u011bn\u00ed se na vodu a odv\u00e1d\u00ed se zp\u011bt do kotle, kde se cel\u00fd cyklus opakuje. N\u011bkdy se vyroben\u00e1 vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b transportuje teplovodem a vyt\u00e1p\u00ed se s\u00a0n\u00ed p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 obce.V\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0gener\u00e1toru, \u010deho\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i hydroelektr\u00e1rny a jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, pracuje s tzv. Faradayov\u00fdm z\u00e1konem. T\u011bm z\u00a0V\u00e1s, kte\u0159\u00ed na n\u011bj ji\u017e zapomn\u011bli (vyu\u010duje se ve fyzice na Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole), je vhodn\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o princip magnetick\u00e9 indukce. V\u00a0magnetick\u00e9m poli se na konc\u00edch smy\u010dky vinut\u00ed tzv. indukuje elektrick\u00e9 st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po uzav\u0159en\u00ed obvodu vytvo\u0159\u00ed ve smy\u010dce st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud. Velikost nap\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b na tom, jak rychle rotuje c\u00edvka ve statoru. Indukovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v\u00a0elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch dosahuje hodnoty tis\u00edc\u016f Volt\u016f, a to se pak rozv\u00e1d\u00ed skrze vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 sto\u017e\u00e1ry do spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak pracuje tepeln\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna?","item":"https:\/\/www.klipo.cz\/jak-pracuje-tepelna-elektrarna\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]